Texas wildlife officials are raising concerns about the spread of bird flu, also known as Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI), following confirmed cases in Harris County and Galveston. This virus has previously caused significant losses in the poultry industry and is now spreading among wild birds, posing threats to both wildlife and agriculture. While Brazos County has not reported any cases yet, experts caution that its large bird population and proximity to affected areas could increase the risk of transmission.
What Is Bird Flu (HPAI)?
Bird flu, or HPAI, is a contagious virus that primarily affects birds. It spreads through:
- Bird droppings
- Contaminated food and water sources
- Direct contact with infected birds
While rare, the virus can also infect humans. In such cases, it carries a 50% fatality rate, though the overall risk to humans remains low.
Current Situation in Texas
- Confirmed cases: Harris County and Galveston
- Potential risk areas: Brazos County (due to its large bird population)
- Vulnerable species: Water birds, raptors, scavengers, and farm poultry
Jacquelyn Grace, Ph.D., an assistant professor in the Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, emphasized the importance of monitoring the situation closely.
“We haven’t seen the same level of outbreak in Brazos County as in places like Harris County or Galveston,” Grace said. “But we do have a large number of water birds and raptors, which could play a role in future spread.”
Why Bird Flu Is a Concern
Impact on Poultry Farms
Bird flu can be deadly to chickens and turkeys, causing massive losses for farmers. Wild birds often carry the virus without showing symptoms, making it difficult to detect early.
“Past outbreaks have forced farms to kill thousands of birds to stop the spread,” Grace explained.
- 2014–2015 outbreak: Nearly 50 million birds culled across 15 states, causing billions of dollars in losses.
- 2022 outbreak: Affected 58 million birds, making it the deadliest bird flu outbreak in U.S. history.
Given that Texas is one of the largest poultry producers in the country, the economic impact could be severe if the virus reaches commercial farms.
Threat to Wildlife and the Environment
Bird flu also affects wild bird species, especially:
- Eagles
- Hawks
- Vultures
Losing scavenger birds like vultures could slow the decomposition of dead animals, increasing the risk of other disease outbreaks. Additionally, endangered bird species could face even greater risks, potentially pushing them closer to extinction.
How Does Bird Flu Spread?
- Migratory birds are the main carriers, spreading the virus as they travel.
- Contact with contaminated surfaces, food, water, or bird droppings increases the risk.
- Farm-raised poultry is especially vulnerable if exposed to infected wild birds.
What Can You Do to Help Prevent the Spread?
While the immediate risk to humans in Bryan-College Station and nearby areas is low, experts recommend the following preventive measures:
- Report sick or dead birds to local wildlife agencies.
- Avoid contact with wild birds and their droppings.
- Practice good hygiene after handling birds or bird feeders.
- Backyard poultry owners should:
- Keep chickens away from wild birds.
- Use separate food and water sources for domestic birds.
- Clean coops regularly to reduce contamination risks.
“If you have backyard chickens, make sure they don’t share food or water with wild birds,” Grace advised. “That’s one of the easiest ways to prevent infection.”
What Are Texas Authorities Doing?
The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department is actively monitoring bird flu cases across the state. Meanwhile, Texas A&M researchers are studying how the virus spreads to improve response efforts. Their goal is to:
- Track transmission patterns
- Identify vulnerable bird populations
- Develop strategies to prevent large-scale outbreaks
Residents can play a role by staying informed and taking simple precautions to limit the spread.
The spread of bird flu in Texas is a growing concern, especially with confirmed cases in Harris County and Galveston. While Brazos County remains unaffected for now, experts warn that the situation could change due to the presence of large bird populations and migratory patterns. Both wildlife and the poultry industry face risks if the virus continues to spread.
Staying vigilant, reporting sick birds, and following biosecurity guidelines are key to controlling the outbreak. Whether you’re a farmer, bird enthusiast, or simply someone who enjoys the outdoors, your actions can help protect both wildlife and local agriculture.
FAQ
What is bird flu (HPAI)?
Bird flu, or Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI), is a contagious virus that primarily affects birds. It spreads through bird droppings, contaminated food, and contact with infected birds.
Where has bird flu been reported in Texas?
Confirmed cases have been reported in Harris County and Galveston. While Brazos County has no cases yet, experts warn of potential risks due to its large bird population.
Can humans get infected with bird flu?
Yes, although rare, bird flu can infect humans. In such cases, it has a 50% fatality rate. However, the overall risk to humans remains low.
How can I prevent the spread of bird flu?
Avoid contact with wild birds, report sick or dead birds, and practice good hygiene. If you have backyard poultry, keep them away from wild birds and maintain strict biosecurity measures.
What should I do if I find a sick or dead bird?
Report sick or dead birds to your local wildlife agency or the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. This helps track the virus and prevent further spread.